India–Nepal Sign LoE to Boost Rail Trade and Transit Connectivity

India and Nepal have strengthened their trade connectivity by signing a Letter of Exchange (LoE) to amend the Protocol to the Treaty of Transit. The agreement enables direct rail-based freight movement between Jogbani in India and Biratnagar in Nepal, covering both containerized and bulk cargo. It also expands key transit routes, including Kolkata–Jogbani, Kolkata–Nautanwa and Visakhapatnam–Nautanwa, enhancing Nepal’s access to Indian ports. The Jogbani–Biratnagar rail link, built with Indian grant assistance, is expected to boost multimodal trade, streamline logistics, and deepen bilateral economic cooperation.