Source: The Hindu
Context:
Recently, Indonesia’s Anak Krakatau volcano has erupted, spewing ash as high as 3 kilometres into the air.
About Anak Krakatau Volcano:
- Anak Krakatau is a volcano island situated in the Sunda Strait, between the main islands of Java and Sumatra in Indonesia.
- The name “Anak Krakatau” translates to “child of Krakatau,” indicating its connection to the famous Krakatau volcano.
- The original Krakatau volcano gained worldwide attention for its massive eruption in 1883, which had far-reaching consequences and caused a global cooling effect.
- Anak Krakatau is considered the offspring of the original Krakatau, emerging after the eruption in 1883.
- In 2018, Anak Krakatau experienced a prolonged eruption, marking the volcano’s longest eruption since its formation.
- The eruption in 2018 resulted in a catastrophic event when the volcano’s explosive collapse triggered a deadly tsunami.
Key facts about the Sunda Strait
Location: The Sunda Strait is located between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra, connecting the Java Sea to the Indian Ocean.
Width and Length: The strait is approximately 24 kilometers (15 miles) wide at its narrowest point and stretches for about 290 kilometers (180 miles) in length.
Volcanic Activity: The Sunda Strait is known for its active volcanic activity, with notable volcanoes such as Krakatau (Krakatoa) and Anak Krakatau situated in the region. These volcanoes have had significant eruptions throughout history, including the famous Krakatau eruption in 1883.
Important Maritime Route: The strait serves as a crucial maritime route, connecting the Java Sea to the Indian Ocean. It is an important passage for international shipping and trade, providing access to major ports in Indonesia and facilitating maritime transportation between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Tsunamis: The Sunda Strait has experienced devastating tsunamis in the past, including the catastrophic tsunami in 2004 caused by a powerful earthquake off the coast of Sumatra. The tsunami resulted in significant loss of life and infrastructure in the surrounding areas.
Biodiversity: The Sunda Strait is home to diverse marine life and supports various ecosystems, including coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangrove forests. These habitats contribute to the region’s rich marine biodiversity, supporting a wide range of species.
Naval History: The Sunda Strait has witnessed significant naval battles throughout history. One notable event was the Battle of Sunda Strait during World War II, where Allied naval forces engaged Japanese warships in a fierce confrontation.
Cultural Significance: The Sunda Strait holds cultural and historical significance for the local communities residing on Java and Sumatra islands. It has been a part of the region’s trade routes and cultural exchange for centuries, shaping the lives and traditions of the people in the surrounding areas.
