Under Article 368 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament is empowered to amend it and its procedures. It is not easy to amend the Indian Constitution and it requires compliance with other provisions. Article 368 gives certain powers to the Parliament so that it can amend it, keeping its original nature the same. This is an extremely relevant topic for aspirants of various competitive and Government exams, So let's have a glance at it.
|
Amendment |
Year |
Importance |
|
7 |
1956 |
Reorganisation of states on linguistic basis and abolition of Class A, B, C and D states and introduction of Union Territories. |
|
9 |
1960 |
Adjustments to Indian territory as a result of agreement with Paksitan. |
|
10 |
1961 |
Dadra, Nagar and Haveli included in Indian Union as a Union Territory on acquisition from Portugal. |
|
12 |
1961 |
Goa, Daman and Diu included in Indian Union as a Union Territory on acquisition from Portugal. |
|
13 |
1962 |
The state of Nagaland formed with special protection under Article 371A on 01 Dec 1963. |
|
14 |
1962 |
Pondicherry incorporated into Indian Union after transfer by France. |
|
21 |
1967 |
Sindhi added as language in the 8th schedule. |
|
26 |
1971 |
Privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states abolished. |
|
36 |
1975 |
Sikkim included as an Indian state. |
|
42 |
1976 |
Fundamental Duties prescribed, India became Socialist Secular Republic. |
|
44 |
1978 |
Right to Property deleted from the list of fundamental rights. |
|
52 |
1985 |
Defection to another party after election made illegal. |
|
61 |
1989 |
Voting age reduced from 21 to 18. |
|
71 |
1992 |
Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali added as languages in the Eighth Schedule. |
|
73 |
1993 |
Introduction of Panchayati Raj, addition of Part IX to the Constitution. |
|
74 |
1993 |
Introduction of Municipalities. |
|
86 |
2002 |
Free and compulsory education to children between 6 and 14 years. |
|
92 |
2003 |
Bodo, Dogri, Santhali and Maithli added to the list of recognised languages. |
|
8,23,45,62, 79 and 95 |
1960, 1970, 1980, 1989, 2000 and 2010 |
Extension of reservation of seats for SC/ST and nomination of Anglo-Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies. |
|
96 |
2011 |
Substituted Odia for Oriya in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution |
|
97 |
2012 |
Introduction of Part IXB in the Constitution pertaining to Co-operative Societies |
|
101 |
2016 |
Introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) |
|
102 |
2018 |
Establishment of National Commission for Backward Classes |
|
103 |
2019 |
Reservation for economically weaker sections of the society |
|
The 42nd amendment was the most comprehensive amendment which had 59 clauses and carried out so many changes that it has been described as a "Mini Constitution". |
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The 52nd amendment was the only amendment to be unanimously adopted by the Parliament. |
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