Former Chancellor Angela Merkel received Germany's highest Order of Merit.
The Grand Cross award was handed to her by President Frank-Walter Steinmeier.
The award has only been given twice before, to former chancellors Konrad Adenauer and Helmut Kohl.
All three former leaders belong to the conservative Christian Democratic Union (CDU).
The Order of Merit entails no financial reward.
Merkel led Germany from 2005 to 2021, totaling four terms in office.
She was the first woman to take the post of chancellor and the first German head of government to have grown up in socialist East Germany.
Steinmeier, who is a member of Chancellor Olaf Scholz's Social Democrats (SPD), served as Foreign Minister under Merkel between 2013 and 2017, and as vice chancellor between 2007 and 2009.