The Hindu: Published on 11th November 2025.
Why in News?
The COP30 Climate Summit is being held in Belem, Brazil, from November 10–21, 2025. With the U.S. skipping the event and Europe showing weak commitment, BRICS nations — led by Brazil — are poised to take the lead in global climate governance. President Lula da Silva seeks to position Brazil and the wider Global South as the centre of a new climate development model.
Background:
The COP summit is part of the UNFCCC framework addressing climate change. Developed nations have repeatedly failed to meet their climate finance promises, especially the $100 billion annual funding goal for developing countries. BRICS countries have long advocated fairer finance and technology transfer. The 17th BRICS Summit in Rio (July 2025) introduced the Baku-to-Belem Roadmap and the $10 billion Tropical Forests Forever Fund (TFFF) to promote sustainable development.
Key Developments:
The U.S., under President Trump, has distanced itself from global climate cooperation, criticizing COP30. Europe’s emission reduction deal of 90% by 2040 is diluted by the inclusion of foreign carbon credits. Brazil, hosting COP30, is leading climate diplomacy through new funding models like the TFFF, already raising $5.5 billion. BRICS nations are backing Brazil’s leadership, with India and China sending high-level delegations even without their leaders’ presence.
Key Issues:
The main issues include the climate finance gap, as developed nations continue to default on pledges; declining Western leadership in climate talks; the emergence of Global South-led multilateralism; and the challenge of balancing economic growth with environmental protection in developing economies.
Impact and Significance:
COP30 may mark a shift in global climate leadership toward BRICS and the Global South. Brazil’s diplomatic role is strengthening, presenting it as a bridge between rich and poor nations. BRICS unity on finance and technology could redefine international climate cooperation. The summit also exposes Western inconsistency between climate promises and action.
Challenges Ahead:
BRICS members face coordination challenges due to differing national priorities. Ensuring transparent use of climate funds and addressing domestic development pressures remain difficult. Western powers may resist the new leadership emerging from the Global South.
The Way Forward:
BRICS must maintain unity to demand equitable climate finance and technology sharing. The Tropical Forests Forever Fund should be implemented effectively. Rebuilding multilateral trust and translating commitments into real action are crucial for the success of COP30.
Conclusion:
With the U.S. absent and Europe hesitant, COP30 in Belem could redefine global climate politics. BRICS nations, led by Brazil, are emerging as new leaders in climate governance. The future of climate action may now be shaped by the Global South, signaling a new phase of inclusive and equitable global cooperation.
