The Hindu: Published on 27th June 2025:
Why in News?
The Keeladi excavation controversy came back into focus in June 2025 after the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) asked noted archaeologist K. Amarnath Ramakrishna to revise his detailed 982-page excavation report on the first two phases (2014–2016). Ramakrishna refused, defending the scientific validity of his findings. Following this, he was transferred from his post in New Delhi to Greater Noida, which led to significant political backlash in Tamil Nadu, where the site holds immense cultural significance.
Background:
Keeladi, a small village on the banks of the Vaigai River in Tamil Nadu, has become a significant archaeological site. Initiated by Ramakrishna under the ASI in 2014, the site revealed over 7,500 artifacts, including walls, drainage systems, and pottery. Carbon dating confirmed that the site dates back over 2,160 years—aligning it with the Sangam period (2nd century BCE). The absence of religious symbols suggested that this was a secular, urban Tamil civilisation.
What Sparked the Dispute?
The ASI, after holding Ramakrishna’s report for over two years, sent him a letter in May 2025, asking for a revision citing doubts about the dating and depth of the findings. Ramakrishna declined, defending the scientific rigor and archaeological methodologies used, such as stratigraphy and AMS carbon dating. His refusal led to his transfer, igniting accusations that the Centre was attempting to suppress the recognition of Tamil civilisation.
Why Political Parties Reacted Strongly?
Political parties in Tamil Nadu, particularly the ruling DMK, viewed the ASI’s revision demand and Ramakrishna’s transfer as deliberate efforts to marginalize Tamil history. They alleged that the Centre was undermining the importance of Keeladi’s findings as it contradicts mainstream historical narratives dominated by North Indian or Vedic-centric history.
Public and Historians' Response:
Tamil historians and the general public rallied behind Ramakrishna, praising the report as a breakthrough in understanding ancient Tamil society. The Tamil Nadu government continued its excavation and even opened a state-funded museum at Keeladi, which now attracts thousands of visitors.
Current Status and Future Outlook:
While the ASI maintains that more scientific corroboration is needed, Tamil Nadu continues to excavate independently. The central and state governments remain at odds. Meanwhile, Ramakrishna’s transfer is being viewed as a demotion, and historians fear further bureaucratic pressure on academic freedom.
