The Hindu: Published on 7th Jan 2025:
Analysis of news on human metapneumovirus (HMPV)
Why in News?
China’s disease control authority recently piloted a monitoring system for pneumonia of unknown origin, amidst rising respiratory infections. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was identified as one of the causative agents, especially affecting children under 14. The news sparked concerns on social media, but there is no official emergency declaration. Similar cases have been reported in India, including Karnataka, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu, prompting health authorities to monitor the situation closely.
What is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)?
HMPV is a respiratory virus from the Pneumoviridae family, first identified in 2001. It causes mild cold-like symptoms but can lead to severe complications like bronchitis or pneumonia in vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. The incubation period is 3-6 days, and most infections resolve with basic supportive care.
The Story So Far:
China has reported an increase in respiratory infections this winter, including HMPV, particularly in children.
Viral images showing overcrowded hospitals raised concerns, but no emergency has been declared.
In India, sporadic cases of HMPV have been detected, but health authorities maintain there is no need for alarm.
How Does HMPV Spread?
HMPV spreads via:
- Direct contact with infected individuals.
- Respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes.
- Contaminated surfaces (doorknobs, phones, etc.).
- Touching the face after exposure to contaminated objects.
How Is HMPV Treated?
No Vaccine/Specific Antivirals: Currently, there is no vaccine or targeted antiviral treatment for HMPV.
Supportive Care: Symptoms are managed with over-the-counter medications, rest, and hydration.
Prevention: Frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, wearing masks, and minimizing face-touching are key preventive measures.
Conclusion:
HMPV is not a new virus and is typically mild in healthy individuals. While it warrants attention due to its potential to cause complications in at-risk populations, there is no immediate cause for panic. Health systems in India and globally are vigilant, and following preventive practices can effectively limit the spread of the virus. Governments and healthcare authorities should focus on raising awareness and enhancing surveillance to mitigate risks.
