The Hindu: Published on 2nd April 2025:
Why in News?
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, whose death anniversary is observed on April 3, remains a transformative figure in Indian history. His legacy encompasses military innovation, progressive governance, and social inclusivity, making him a subject of enduring relevance.
Why in News?
The commemoration of Shivaji Maharaj's death anniversary prompts a reflection on his radical and enduring contributions, particularly in the context of contemporary discussions on leadership, social justice, and cultural identity.
Shivaji's Military Innovations-
Shivaji Maharaj was renowned for his adept use of guerrilla warfare, known as ganimi kawa in Marathi. His strategies involved swift cavalry raids, disruption of enemy supply lines, and hit-and-run tactics in challenging terrains, effectively countering the larger Mughal forces. French traveler Jean de Thévenot described Shivaji as "short and tawny, with quick eyes that show a great deal of wit," highlighting his dynamic leadership.
Inclusive Governance and Social Reforms-
Shivaji's administration was marked by meritocracy and inclusivity. He appointed individuals from diverse backgrounds to key positions, including Hambirrao Mohite, a Maratha; Tanhaji Malusare, a Koli; and Siddi Hilal, a Muslim of African descent. Notably, his naval forces included members of the Koli caste, traditional fishermen who became seafaring soldiers. This approach fostered a sense of unity and collective purpose among his followers. Furthermore, Shivaji implemented the Ryotwari system, empowering cultivators with greater control over land and reducing the influence of oppressive landlords. He also abolished the 'vatandari' system, a form of feudal landlordism, to promote equitable land distribution. These reforms underscored his commitment to social welfare and justice.
Cultural and Linguistic Revival-
Shivaji championed the promotion of indigenous languages and cultures. He sponsored the Rājavyavahārakośa in 1677, a Sanskrit text providing synonyms for over 1,500 Persian administrative terms, facilitating the use of Marathi in governance. This initiative democratized administrative processes and revitalized local linguistic traditions.
Religious Tolerance and Social Harmony-
Contrary to the divisive narratives often associated with contemporary interpretations of Hindutva, Shivaji's approach was inclusive. He respected all religions, employed people of various faiths in his administration and armed forces, and even built a mosque for his Muslim subjects. His vision of Hindutva was integrative, aiming to unite diverse communities under a common cultural umbrella.
Conclusion-
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's legacy is a testament to visionary leadership that transcends time. His military acumen, progressive governance, and commitment to social inclusivity offer enduring lessons. In an era marked by socio-political complexities, revisiting Shivaji's principles can inspire contemporary discourse on leadership, social justice, and cultural harmony.
