The Hindu: Published on 4th Feb 2025:
Why in News?
Former U.S. President Donald Trump, upon returning to the White House in 2025, has announced the withdrawal of the United States from the World Health Organization (WHO).
This move follows his earlier attempt in 2020, which was reversed by the Biden administration.
Cause of the U.S. Withdrawal from WHO
Accusation of WHO’s bias towards China in handling the COVID-19 pandemic.
Growing negative sentiment among Americans toward WHO, as reflected in surveys by Pew Research Center.
Political polarization in the U.S., with more Republicans opposing WHO compared to Democrats.
Trump’s long-standing “America First” policy, emphasizing reduced reliance on international organizations.
Effects and Consequences
a) Global Public Health Impact
Financial setback for WHO: The U.S. is WHO’s largest contributor (~15% of funding); loss of this funding could severely impact global health programs.
Disruption in WHO programs: Key areas affected include polio eradication, pandemic prevention, and emergency health responses.
b) Geopolitical Ramifications
Financial vacuum: No other single country contributes as much as the U.S., raising concerns about WHO’s future stability.
Potential rise of China’s influence: With reduced U.S. engagement, China may expand its role in global health governance.
European nations stepping in?: Germany, the U.K., and other global players might attempt to fill the funding gap, albeit with difficulty.
c) Domestic Political Impact in the U.S.
Further partisan divide: The decision aligns with Republican skepticism towards global institutions, but Democrats overwhelmingly support WHO.
Impact on American research and collaboration: The recall of U.S. personnel from WHO-affiliated centers may affect scientific cooperation and disease surveillance.
Possible Future Scenarios
- WHO may seek alternative funding sources from private foundations, multinational institutions, and wealthier member states.
- The next U.S. administration (post-2028) might reconsider rejoining WHO, continuing the cycle of policy reversals.
- If funding gaps persist, WHO’s operational effectiveness in managing global health emergencies could decline.
- Would you like a more detailed analysis on any specific aspect?
