SC tasks CBI to tackle 'digital arrests'

The Hindu: Published on 2 December 2025.

Why in News?

The Supreme Court of India has directed the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to conduct a nationwide probe into the rising menace of ‘digital arrest’ scams, which have caused losses exceeding ₹3,000 crore, primarily targeting senior citizens. Granting the CBI authority to bypass usual state consent norms, the Court highlighted the urgency of tackling this sophisticated cybercrime.

What is Digital Arrest

Digital arrest scams involve fraudsters impersonating government officials police, CBI agents, or RBI personnel using fake calls, forged documents, and false court orders. Victims are intimidated into paying money, disclosing banking details, or complying with fake FIRs and fines. Elderly citizens remain the most vulnerable.

Background

The proliferation of multiple SIM cards and lax verification has enabled scammers to operate anonymously. Many scams originate from Southeast Asia, aided by India-based call centers. Increasing complaints prompted the Supreme Court to mandate a centralized investigation, ensuring cooperation from telecom, banking, and IT sectors.

Identified Scam Types

• Digital arrests (coercive extortion under false authority)
• Fraudulent investment schemes
• Fake job offers requiring upfront payment

Way Forward

• Strengthening Investigation: CBI to use AI, machine learning, and Interpol coordination to dismantle networks.
• Preventing SIM Misuse: Telecom operators to enforce strict KYC and verification.
• Public Awareness: Mass campaigns, especially for senior citizens.
• Cyber Law Upgradation: Update legal frameworks and technological safeguards.
• Cybercrime Coordination: Operationalize regional cybercrime centers linked to I4C for better data sharing.
• Collaboration with Platforms and Banks: Timely data sharing and transaction monitoring.
• Victim Support: Financial relief and psychological counselling mechanisms.

This intervention underscores the judiciary’s proactive role in combating cybercrime, safeguarding citizens, and restoring public trust, while highlighting governance and legal challenges in contemporary India.