The Hindu: Published on 29th Jan 2025:
Why in News?
A new genetic study has revised the timeline of the Nicobarese people's migration, showing that they arrived around 5,000 years ago instead of the previously believed 11,000 years. This research provides fresh insights into the ancestry and genetic heritage of the Nicobarese community.
Key Findings of the Study:
Revised Migration Timeline: The study, using advanced DNA analysis techniques, established that the Austroasiatic ancestors of the Nicobarese migrated approximately 5,000 years ago, correcting earlier estimates of 11,000 years.
Genetic Links: The Nicobarese people share genetic ancestry with the Htin Mal community from the Laos-Thailand region, confirming their Southeast Asian origins.
Language and Cultural Continuity: The Nicobarese retain their Austroasiatic linguistic roots, specifically from the Khmuic branch, despite their genetic divergence from mainland populations.
Methodology:
The study analyzed biparental and uniparental genetic markers from 1,559 individuals across South and Southeast Asia.
Principal Component Analysis and admixture analysis helped trace genetic similarities and migration timelines.
Historical Context:
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been home to distinct populations with unique genetic histories.
Earlier studies had established that the Onge and Great Andamanese tribes have ancient genetic lineages (M31 and M32) dating back 50,000-70,000 years.
Unlike the Andamanese groups, the Nicobarese exhibit strong genetic and linguistic ties to Southeast Asian populations.
Significance of the Study:
Enhancing Migration Studies: This study fills gaps in the history of human migration in the Indian Ocean region.
Understanding Genetic Isolation: The Nicobarese have remained largely genetically distinct due to their geographical isolation.
Public Health Insights: Their genetic adaptation to isolation means they may have different immune responses, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Future Research Directions:
Further studies may explore the societal and cultural dynamics of the Nicobarese people.
Genetic adaptations related to immunity and environmental factors will be investigated to understand how isolation has shaped their survival strategies.
Conclusion:
The new study provides a more precise understanding of the Nicobarese migration and their genetic history. It also highlights the importance of advanced genetic research in unraveling human ancestry and migration patterns, contributing to broader discussions on human evolution and diversity.
