The Hindu: Published on 1st Feb 2025:
Why in News?
The Economic Survey highlighted the need for a balanced energy transition in India.
It cautioned against premature shutdown of coal-fired plants without viable alternatives in place.
The report critiques the double standards of developed nations that continue to rely on fossil fuels while advocating for a green transition in developing countries.
Key Issues Highlighted
Energy Security vs. Climate Goals: India must balance its energy needs and climate commitments while avoiding economic risks.
Lessons from Developed Nations: The report cites examples of France, EU, and the U.S., where nations prioritized energy security over climate goals.
Coal Dependency: India’s large-scale investment in coal power happened only in the 2010s, making an immediate shutdown economically unviable.
High Costs of Renewables: The transition to green energy is costly, inefficient, and poses challenges related to battery storage, grid infrastructure, and critical minerals.
Global Context & Contradictions
Developed nations still rely on oil, gas, and coal (e.g., U.S. Alaska oil drilling project, EU’s REPowerEU plan).
While advocating clean energy, they continue to fund fossil fuel infrastructure.
India should not be pressured into adopting costlier and riskier energy sources without ensuring energy security.
Implications for India
Policy Direction: India should prioritize a phased transition to renewables while ensuring economic stability.
Investment in Technology: Focus on battery storage, grid efficiency, and alternative energy sources.
Long-term Sustainability: Aim for Net Zero by 2070, but through pragmatic and phased strategies.
Way Forward
Diversified Energy Mix: Continue using coal while gradually expanding renewables.
Infrastructure Development: Strengthen battery technology and grid networks for efficient renewable energy usage.
Global Negotiations: Advocate for fair climate finance and technology transfer from developed nations.
