The Hindu: Published on 23rd Dec 2024:
Why in News?
The Indian Army and police seized weapons along with a suspected Starlink satellite antenna and router in Manipur. This raised concerns about the misuse of Starlink technology by militants in the region, particularly since Starlink services are not authorized in India.
Manipur Militants:
The seized Starlink device bore markings linked to the banned Meitei extremist group, RPF/PLA, which operates out of Myanmar. The possibility of militants leveraging Starlink's internet for communication and operations is alarming given the region's ongoing unrest.
What is Starlink?
Starlink, a SpaceX project by Elon Musk, is a satellite-based internet service that operates via a constellation of low Earth orbit satellites. It provides high-speed, low-latency broadband, especially in remote and under-served areas. Starlink's global coverage allows users in isolated regions to access high-quality internet.
What is the Controversy?
Suspected Misuse: A Starlink device was found during a raid, and the technology is being accused of aiding militants.
Unauthorized Sale: Despite its lack of regulatory approval in India, Starlink equipment has been seen on platforms like IndiaMART and used in other illegal activities, such as smuggling.
International Oversight: Starlink claims its beams are disabled in unauthorized regions, including India. However, challenges in controlling satellite coverage and potential loopholes in the system allow for unauthorized use.
Can Starlink Internet Be Controlled?
Starlink’s satellites use encryption to prevent hacking and unauthorized access. However, geographic restrictions are not foolproof due to:
The difficulty in precisely halting signals at international borders.
Movement of satellites transmitting signals across contested or vague borderlines.
Devices purchased outside restricted regions might work in prohibited areas unless restricted by geographic locators.
Tracking device ownership through unique identifiers is possible but may be hampered by shadow companies masking illegal purchases.
What Does Indian Law State?
India imposes stringent restrictions on satellite-based communication under the Indian Wireless Act and the Indian Telegraph Act. Unauthorized use of satellite phones or similar devices is illegal and subject to penalties. This legal framework aims to mitigate threats from militant and terrorist groups.
Conclusion:
The seizure of Starlink equipment in Manipur raises important questions about the technology’s potential misuse in conflict zones. While Starlink offers transformative internet access globally, stricter measures to prevent unauthorized use are necessary. India must collaborate with companies like SpaceX to ensure compliance with national security regulations while addressing gaps in enforcement and technology control.
